创业源泉网A college students, and the concrete meanings of self-employed
College students’ autonomous venture is change employment idea, use your own knowledge, talent and technology with self-raised funds, technology and contribution, seek cooperation way to create new jobs, namely graduate does not do existing jobs competitors, but for yourself and for social more people to create jobs. In the vast majority of people’s ideas, from primary school to college graduate most key issue is to find a high salary, position the stable occupation. However, the social existing jobs is limited, China’s ministry of education in school-age population enrollments that by 2010 close to 15%, (now 8.6 %). So officials expected: the 21st century will be primarily the unemployed army college graduates. If they just wait for the arrival of the employment opportunities, will be intelligence resources that it is difficult to estimate the loss. Therefore, college students and social forces, working with family, working with students cooperation to create their own industry or social new industry, is not only a kind of may, and is also a must.
Two college students, and the social basis of the self-employed
1. The current employment market situation
Our country economy since 1997 since the second half total social relations between demand and supply happened two consecutive years of historic transition, inflation and deflation alternative production material the overall price index has dropped 30 consecutive months, other payments, economic growth as such indexes shows that our deflation is intensifying. “The biggest problem facing China’s economy is the employment problem” began to become a reality. Nearly 1 million urban unemployment and potential unemployed population, rural surplus labor and more than 100 million. Meanwhile, Labour growth level also not low, the national economy overall labor productivity is high, make labor market employment pressure continued increase.
Look again at talent market, while China’s higher education is still underdeveloped, talent scarce, but in the long run the country under the planning economic system, college graduates mostly state-owned enterprises, institutions, to choose only appeared in recent years, private foreign, proprietary non-state sector. While in government efficiency, enrollment of students in colleges and universities, depletion of non-state-owned economy development not optimistic circumstances, the demands of the society for talents growth increasingly low. Talent market oversupply increasingly prominent contradiction between up and the difference of economic development education and employment of conflict. At this moment, can provide the right knowledge workers, appear “jobs less educated unemployment”. Beijing, Shanghai, guangzhou and other big cities already has the demand for graduates to degressive. If Beijing 1993 supply and demand in 3,1994 rate is 1:1:2,1995 years is is 1:126, 1996 is 1:1.1, from 1997 to 1999 all in one: 0.6 below.
With unemployment crisis, the western economists has consistently advocated the government take financial policies to expand domestic demand to increase employment opportunities. Our government for this by adjusting the individual income tax, wage increase, the collection interest, but boost domestic demand means such as little effect. In certain period of deflation and no big change, rely on the government to create jobs to solve talent market, short-term inside the contradiction between supply and demand is unlikely.
2. College students’ autonomous entrepreneurial cater to the industrial development to “knowledge economy” trend
With the knowledge economy in China, the budding economic growth to talented person’s demand also gradually from the simple type steering by knowledge to compound, skilled. The high-tech industry, the third industry and private economy will be talent demand new growth point. But from the national economic development view of the industrial structure, including research and development, education, information and high technology industries, the knowledge industry in the national economy development level is knowledge industry development degree is still low. If the United States for a current level measured in 1 develop standards, China only if 0.26, is less than the level of the United States during the 1950s. This and the development of the Chinese economy, but historical starting point about worker quality low is also important factors. Encourage college students’ autonomous business, break traditional college students committee of talents and went phenomenon, make high consumption may engage in knowledge technology industry practitioners percentage increase greatly, stimulates knowledge industry development degree, thus make scarce climbed higher use human resources play, as far as possible to avoid talent resources value because of the irrational distribution will produce marginal benefit.
Three college students, and the education base of self-employed
1. University education training mode changes
Comprehensive quality education reform ideas already thorough popular feeling, many universities around the personnel training mode, combining the characteristics of their discussions on campus, almost all the colleges and universities are put through discussion of cultivating students’ innovative spirit in the very prominent position. Tsinghua university in 1997 started over two months of big discussion, called outlet “in recent years education thought revolution”, once its first breakthrough it is carrying out a creative cultivation plan; Shanghai jiaotong university in managerial requirements “high starting point, strict based thickness, weight, on the basis of the practice”, emphasizing innovation spirit and innovation consciousness. The school leaves taking source vice President pointed out: “today’s college students if not in their own innovation achievements made beneficial for society, it is not a unique contributions outstanding college students.” Because of the school from top to issued at this consensus, attaches great importance to innovation talents to stand out good atmosphere, thus for students’ science and technology innovation, technology incubation provides a rare opportunity.